Technical Reference Library - Catalog

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Returned 25 results with the keyword "analog":

  1.    De Carlo, E. H.; Spencer, K. J. "Retrospective Analysis of Anthropogenic Inputs of Lead and Other Heavy Metals to the Hawaiian Sedimentary Environment," Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 1997, Vol. 11, pp. 415-437

    Measured heavy metal concentrations in the sediments of the Ala Wai Canal, a small urban drainage in Honolulu with an unusually high sedimentation rate. Lead concentration data from dated sediment cores shows a strong correlation with the timing of the phase-out of leaded gasoline additives. Used isotope analysis to separate urban from rural (natural soil) contributions to lead concentrations. Paper includes plots of copper concentrations in sediment cores, dated by depth (data are normalized by iron content to simplify interpretation).The data show a significant increase in copper concentrations in the cores around 1990; similar increases did not occur for other metals.

    watershed, transport, sediments-water, copper-general, analog
  2.    Spencer, K. J.; De Carlo, E. H.; McMurtry, G. M. "Isotopic Clues to Sources of Natural and Anthropogenic Lead in Sediments and Soils from Oahu, Hawaii," Pacific Science, 1995, Vol. 49, pp. 492-510

    Analyzed metals concentrations in soils, stream sediments, and estuarine sediments in Oahu. Found correlations between the timing of lead concentration increases and decreases and the use and phase-out of lead in gasoline. Identified a correlation between zinc and cadmium concentration increases and the increased use of vulcanized rubber (which contains these two metals) in tires. Used isotope analysis of lead to "fingerprint" anthropogenic lead.Identified air deposition as a contributor to anthropogenic lead loadings.

    watershed, deposition, transport, sediments-water, chemistry, analog
  3.    De Carlo, E. H.; Spencer, K. J. "Records of Lead and Other Heavy Metal Inputs to Sediments of the Ala Wai Canal, Oahu, Hawaii," Pacific Science, 1995, Vol. 49, pp. 471-491

    Present dated depth profiles of metals concentrations in the sediments of the Ala Wai Canal, a small urban drainage in Honolulu with an unusually high sedimentation rate. Similar to paper #031, but more analysis of the metals concentrations and possible metals sources.

    watershed, transport, sediments-water, copper-general, analog
  4.    Sutherland, R. A.; Tolosa, C. A.; Tack, F. M. G.; Verloo, M. G. "Characterization of Selected Element Concentrations and Enrichment Ratios in Background and Anthropogenically Impacted Roadside Areas,"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2000, Vol. 38, pp. 428-438.

    Measured total and extractable metals concentrations in background soil, roadside soil, and road sediment in the Manoa, Hawaii watershed.Found that copper, lead, and zinc concentrations were anthropogentically enhanced. Copper concentrations exceeded background (background for the watershed), but the paper notes that copper data in the study watershed are somewhat difficult to interpret because background copper levels are 4.6 to 8 times greater than typical crustal values. Examined potential linkage of elevated lead concentrations near roads and elevated lead concentrations in fish in the watershed, finding strong circumstantial evidence that the two concentrations are linked.

    watershed, transport, sediments-road, copper-general, copper-road, analog
  5.    Sutherland, R. A.; Tack, F. M. G. "Metal Phase Associations in Soils from an Urban Watershed, Honolulu, Hawaii," The Science of the Total Environment, 2000, Vol. 256, pp. 103-113.

    Examined metals concentrations in soil samples from the Manoa, Hawaii watershed. Samples included roadside samples, which showed the highest trace metals concentrations. Soil samples were tested for metal bioavailability using a sequential extraction method similar to that of Tessier. While data for lead are examined in detail, little copper data is reported (and previous papers have noted that this watershed has elevated background copper levels - see #035).

    watershed, sediments-road, copper-general, analog
  6.    Steding, D. J.; Dunlap, C. E.; Flegal, A. R. "New Isotopic Evidence for Chronic Lead Contamination in the San Francisco Bay Estuary System: Implications for the Persistence of Past Industrial Lead Emissions in the Biosphere," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2000, Vol. 97, pp. 11181-11186

    Used isotope analysis to investigate lead sources in San Francisco Bay sediments, finding that leaded gasoline was the major source of lead.Mass balance calculations and isotopic analysis suggest that much of the lead deposited in the San Francisco Bay watershed from gasoline remains in the watershed system. The authors conclude that historic gasoline lead deposits may remain in the watershed system for decades.

    watershed, bay, deposition, transport, sediments-water, analog
  7.    Rauch, S.; Morrison, G. M.; Motelica-Heino, M.; Donard, O. F. X.; Muris, M. "Elemental Association and Fingerprinting of Traffic-Related Metals in Road Sediments," Environmental Science and Technology, 2000, Vol. 34, p. 3119

    Explored metals releases from combustion catalysts in motor vehicles.Looked at the chemical structure of road sediments.

    air, deposition, chemistry, analog, sediments-road
  8.    Kleeman, M. J.; Hughes, L. S.; Allen, J. O.; Cass, G. R. "Source Contributions to the Size and Composition Distribution of Atmospheric Particles: Southern California in September 1996," Environmental Science & Technology, 1999, Vol. 33, pp. 4331-4341

    Created and validated a model linking the characteristics of particles in atmospheric deposition to the primary sources (mineral dust and road dust, combustion-related particles, sea salt, and sulfate-containing non-sea salt "background" particles).

    air, deposition, model-air, analog, particle size distribution
  9.    Jarvis, K. E.; Parry, S. J.; Piper, J. M. "Temporal and Spatial Studies of Autocatalyst-Derived Platinum, Rhodium, and Palladium and Selected Vehicle-Derived Trace Elements in the Environment," Environmental Science & Technology, 2001, Vol. 35, pp. 1031-1036.

    The presence of platinum, palladium, and rhodium (elements in automobile catalytic converters) near roadsides was explored. Looked at concentrations in road sediments and surface soils extending away from roads. Evaluated potential transport mechanisms.

    watershed, deposition, transport, sediments-road, analog
  10.    Ely, J. C.; Neal, C. R.; Kulpa, C. F.; Schneegurt, M. A.; Seidler, J. A.; Jain, J. C. "Implications of Platinum-Group Element Accumulation along U. S. Roads from Catalytic-Converter Attrition," Environmental Science & Technology, 2001, Vol. 35, p. 3816.

    Looked at rhodium, platinum, and palladium content of soils from U.S. roadsides. These three elements are dispersed from automobile catalytic converters.Concentrations of all three elements near roadsides were well above background (approaching concentrations that would be economically viable to recover). Concentrations correlated with concentrations of traffic-related elements in soils (including copper). Platinum was observed at statistically significantly higher concentrations than background levels more than 50 meters from a roadside.

    air, deposition, transport, sediments-road, copper-road, analog
  11.    Kumata, H.; Yamada, J.; Masuda, K.; Takada, H.; Sato, Y.; Sakuri, T.; Fujiwara, K. "Benzothiazolamines as Tire-Derived Molecular Markers: Sorptive Behavior in Street Runoff and Application to Source Apportioning," Environmental Science & Technology, 2002, Vol. 36, pp. 702-708.

    Wash-off and environmental fate of two benzothiazolamines (trace organic chemicals in vulcanized rubber used in tires) were investigated as possible tracers for tire debris or road dust transported in highway storm water runoff. One of the two compounds, N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolamine (NCBA) was found to bind strongly and relatively permanently to sediments in runoff, suggesting that it could be a useful indicator of highway-runoff related sediments in surface waters.

    watershed, transport, sediments-road, analog
  12.    Bhuie, A. K.; Roy, D. N. "Deposition of Mn from Automotive Combustion of Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl Beside the Major Highways in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada," Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, 2001, Vol. 51, pp. 1288-1301.

    Explored the potential for increased deposition of the metal manganese along roads from use of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) as a motor vehicle fuel additive. While manganese was not found at elevated concentrations in near-road surface soils, copper was. Although copper data are presented in the paper, the copper results were not discussed.The copper data presented in the paper appear to show a increased copper concentrations for soils near roads with higher average daily traffic, as well as an increased copper concentration for samples closer to the road (samples at 1 and 40 meters from highway).

    air, deposition, transport, sediments-road, copper-road, analog
  13.    Callender, E.; Van Metre, P. C. "Reservoir Sediment Cores Show U. S. Lead Declines," Environmental Science & Technology, 1997, Vol. 31, p. 424A.

    Summarized data collected by the USGS that find a correlation between increasing and declining use of lead in gasoline and increasing and then declining concentrations of lead in reservoir sediments. Found that lead concentrations in sediments today remain approximately double the pre-lead in gasoline baseline, which the authors attribute to continued presence of legacy lead in urban environments.

    deposition, transport, fate, sediments-water, analog, USGS
  14.    Callender, E.; Rice, K. C. "The Urban Environmental Gradient: Anthropogenic Influences on the Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Lead and Zinc in Sediments," Environmental Science and Technology, 2000, Vol. 34, pp. 232-237.

    Documented a relationship between traffic density and lead and zinc in watershed sediments. Data also showed declines in watershed sediment lead concentrations correlating with the removal of lead from gasoline. A similar decline was not observed for zinc. Copper levels were not evaluated.

    watershed, sediments-water, analog, USGS
  15.    Van Metre, P. C.; Mahler, B. J.; Furlong, E. T. "Urban Sprawl Leaves Its PAH Signature," Environmental Science and Technology, 2000, Vol. 34, pp. 4064-4070.

    Explored the relationship of traffic levels to lake and reservoir sediment polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels. Although past studies have documented declines in sediment PAH levels starting in the 1950s, this study documented a steady increase in sediment PAH levels across the United States. Analysis of the specific PAHs measured indicated that the PAHs with increasing concentrations are associated with combustion sources. Increased PAH levels tracked closely with increases in automobile use in study watersheds.

    watershed, sediments-water, analog, USGS
  16.    Monaci, F.; Bargagli, R. "Barium and Other Trace Metals as Indicators of Vehicle Emissions," Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 1997, Vol. 100, pp. 89-98

    Measured metals concentrations in material deposited on plant leaves in Siena, Italy. Determined that automotive emissions are the principal source of metals enrichment in deposited material. Suggests use of barium as a tracer for vehicle emissions.

    air, deposition, copper-general, analog
  17.    Rivera-Duarte, I.; Flegal, A. R. "Benthic Lead Fluxes in San Francisco Bay, California, USA," Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1994, Vol. 58, pp. 3307-3313.

    Finds that each year, more lead is released from sediments into the Bay's waters than flows in from streams.

    bay, fate, sediments-water, analog
  18.    Zayed, J.; Hong, B.; L'Esperance, G. "Characterization of Manganese-Containing Particles Collected from the Exhaust Emissions of Automobiles Running with MMT Additive," Environmental Science & Technology, 1999, Vol. 33, pp. 3341-3346.

    Describes techniques for characterizing specific particles emitted from vehicles. The manganese-containing particles were identified and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and analytical transmission electron microscopy (ATEM). The latter allowed analysis of the chemistry of the manganese-containing particles, which were shown to consist of a mixture of manganese phosphate and manganese sulfate.

    air, fate, chemistry, analog
  19.    Mahmood, R. J. Lead in Soils Near Highways, prepared by the Department of Civil Engineering, California State University at Sacramento, for the California Department of Transportation, undated.

    Summary of the issues regarding lead in soils near highways (short version of #129). Includes graphics showing lead concentrations by soil depth as a function of time (during years when lead was used in gasoline) and lead concentrations in surface soils at various distances upwind and downwind from a highway segment.

    watershed, transport, sediments-road, analog
  20.    Mahmood, R. J. Review of Lead Contamination in Soils Near Highways, prepared by the Department of Civil Engineering, California State University at Sacramento, for the California Department of Transportation, CTSW-RT-96-005, 1997.

    Short report reviewing the sources of lead contamination of near-highway soils (lead in gasoline is the major urban source, with air deposition an important pathway), chemical forms of lead contamination, fate and bioavailability of lead in soil and water systems, and movement of lead in water.

    watershed, transport, sediments-road, chemistry, analog
  21.    Squire, S.; Scelfo, G. M.; Revenaugh, J.; Flegal, A. R. "decadal Trends of Silver and Lead Contamination in San Francisco Bay Surface Waters," Environmental Science & Technology, 2002, Vol. 36, pp. 2379-2386

    Describes changes in sources of lead and silver to San Francisco Bay. Evaluates relationships of sediment lead and silver concentrations to water column dissolved concentrations. In South San Francisco Bay, sediment concentrations for both metals have declined, but lead water column concentrations in filtered samples have not declined while silver filtered water column concentrations did decline. Concludes that lead filtered water column sample concentrations have not declined because historic lead releases continue to wash from watersheds into the Bay and because lead is recycled between sediments and the water column in the Bay. Contrasts data for the lower South San Francisco Bay, where anthropogenic inputs of the two metals have decreased significantly to the North Bay, where anthropogenic inputs have remained relatively constant.

    watershed, bay, transport, fate, sediments-water, analog, dissolved, particulate
  22.    Griscom, S. B.; Fisher, N. S. "Uptake of Dissolved Ag, Cd, and Co by the Clam, Macoma balthica: Relative Importance of Overlying Water, Oxic Pore Water, and Burrow Water," Environmental Science & Technology, 2002, Vol. 36, pp. 2471-2478

    Describes metals uptake by a type of clams that are commonly used as test species in San Francisco Bay. Focuses on 3 metals (silver, cadmium, and cobalt). The clams take up metals from overlying water, oxic pore water, and burrow water, but uptake rates from each type of water differ for the 3 metals.

    bay, sediments-water, chemistry, characterization, analog, dissolved, particulate
  23.    Cannon, H. L; Bowles, J. M. "Contamination of Vegetation by Tetraethyl Lead," Science, 1962, Vol. 137, pp. 765-766

    Roadside grasses in Denver were collected and measured for lead content along transects out from two major highways. Concentrations consistently decreased with distance from the roads, with elevated concentrations (greater than 50 ppm) for 500 feet downwind from the highways.

    watershed, deposition, sediments-road, analog, USGS
  24.    Sandahl, J.F.; Baldwin, D.H.; Jenkins, J.J.; Scholz, N.L. "Odor-Evoked Field Potentials as Indicators of Sublethal Neurotoxicity in Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Exposed To Copper, Chlorpyrifos, Or Esfenvalerate," Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2004, Vol. 61, pp. 404-413.

    The sublethal effects of three different pesticides (a metal, organophosphate, and pyrethroid) on juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were evaluated using paired electrophysiological recordings from the olfactory epithelium and the olfactory bulb. Animals were exposed to copper (5-20 µg ·L-1), chlorpyrifos (0.625-2.5 µg ·L-1), or esfenvalerate (0.05-0.20 µg ·L-1) for 7 days. Sublethal neurotoxicity was examined by recording odor-evoked field potentials from the sensory epithelium and olfactory forebrain using two natural odorants (taurocholic acid or L-serine). Copper and chlorpyrifos decreased the amplitudes of the epithelial and bulbar responses to both odorants in a concentration-dependent manner. Benchmark concentrations for a 20% loss of sensory function were 4.4 µg ·L-1for copper and 0.72 µg ·L-1for chlorpyrifos. Esfenvalerate did not affect the amplitude of odor-evoked field potentials. However, in the olfactory bulbs of coho exposed to 0.2 µg esfenvalerate ·L-1, L-serine evoked distinct and irregular bursts of postsynaptic activity in the olfactory bulb, possibly indicating sublethal excitotoxicity to central networks. Collectively, these data indicate that periodic, non-point source contamination of salmon habitats with current-use pesticides could interfere with olfactory function and, by extension, olfactory-mediated behaviors that are important for the survival and migration of salmonids.

    copper- toxicity, analog
  25.    Baldwin D.H.; Sandahl J.F.; Labenia J.S.; Scholz N.L. "Sublethal Effects of Copper on Coho Salmon: Impacts on Nonoverlapping Receptor Pathways in the Peripheral Olfactory Nervous System," Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2003, Vol. 22, No.10, pp. 2266-2274.

    The sublethal effects of copper on the sensory physiology of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were evaluated. In vivo field potential recordings from the olfactory epithelium (electro-olfactograms) were used to measure the impacts of copper on the responses of olfactory receptor neurons to natural odorants (L-serine and taurocholic acid) and an odorant mixture (L-arginine, L-aspartic acid, L-leucine, and L-serine) over a range of stimulus concentrations. Increases in copper impaired the neurophysiological response to all odorants within 10 min of exposure. The inhibitory effects of copper (1.0-20.0 micrograms/L) were dose-dependent and they were not influenced by water hardness. Toxicity thresholds for the different receptor pathways were determined by using the benchmark dose method and found to be similar (a 2.3-3.0 micrograms/L increase in total dissolved copper over background). Collectively, examination of these data indicates that copper is broadly toxic to the salmon olfactory nervous system. Consequently, short-term influxes of copper to surface waters may interfere with olfactory-mediated behaviors that are critical for the survival and migratory success of wild salmonids.

    copper-toxicity, analog